When is something old considered new?
If you're talking about the Grammy Awards, that's often whoever lands in the best new artist category, easily the weirdest of the races.
Take Sabrina Carpenter, who finds herself nominated for best new artist this year – on her sixth full-length release.
There's little doubt that the Espresso singer ruled the airwaves in 2024, but she was already making a mark on the Billboard Hot 100 chart as early as 2021 with the No. 48 song Skin.
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Sabrina Carpenter is nominated for the best new artist Grammy, despite having been active as a singer for years. (Getty Images for Coachella)The category of new artist is constantly evolving, trying to capture the zeitgeist each year as the process of categorising fame gets more complicated, from raw LP sales in the 1970s to TikTok videos today.
“I do think that they are constantly tweaking that category to make a bigger splash with it,” said Theo Cateforis, director of undergraduate studies in music history at Syracuse University.
“They are kind of gaming the system to say, ‘Yes, we want artists nominated for this category who will draw eyeballs, who will have an audience, who will make for a better kind of media representation.’”
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The Grammy rules currently say nominations hinge on whether “the artist had attained a breakthrough or prominence” – and it delegates that determination to a screening committee.
Eligible artists must have released at least five singles or one album, but there is no longer a maximum.
Chance the Rapper accepted his win wearing a hat with the number three, referring to the number of albums he had. (Getty Images for NARAS)Under those rules, Carpenter fits. She had three top 10 hits in 2024 – Espresso, Please Please Please and Taste – and her album Short n' Sweet spent four weeks at No. 1. Suddenly she was very prominent.
“I’ve got to confess, even as a pop music scholar, I wasn’t talking about Sabrina Carpenter’s fifth album, but I was talking about her sixth album,” said Joe Bennett, a forensic musicologist at Berklee College of Music in Boston.
Sabrina Carpenter's life and career in photos
A history of dubious
The Grammys have long stretched the meaning of “new” into a pretzel.
Cyndi Lauper won best new artist in 1984 despite having released an album with the band Blue Angel four years before.
Green Day were nominated after Dookie, but that was the trio’s third album.
Bennett recalls teaching a songwriting class that featured Amy Winehouse’s first album Frank in 2003 – a full five years before she would win the crown for best new artist.
Cyndi Lauper won the honour in 1984, even though she'd released an album four years earlier. (AP)Bon Iver won on their second album and Esperanza Spalding won after her third.
Chance the Rapper walked up to accept the Grammy for best new artist in 2017 with a baseball cap that had a “3” stitched on it – the number of albums he’d created by then.
That loosey-goosey nature is in stark contrast to the strict past, when Whitney Houston famously wasn't deemed eligible for best new artist in 1986 because she had already recorded duets with other artists.
Some best new artist candidates are really fresh, but that's rare.
Lil Nas X is one example – his major label debut EP contained Old Town Road in 2019 and a year later he was at the Grammys.
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Olivia Rodrigo took home the best new artist award a year after her debut album. (FilmMagic)Or Olivia Rodrigo, whose debut Sour came out in 2021 and helped her be crowned best new artist in 2022.
"I think a large part of the issue is that it’s just a poorly named category," said Jasmine Henry, a musicologist and sound engineer who teaches at the University of Pennsylvania.
“I think the way the public conceives of this category is as best debut artist award. And the reality is that it’s really a breakout award in its function.”
Lady Gaga leads the change
The rules for best new artist last came under a harsh spotlight in 2009 when Lady Gaga was barred from the category because her first single, Just Dance, had been nominated for best dance recording the year before.
The rules back then said best new artist nominees couldn't appear on any Grammy-nominated recording, even if they were a feature.
Under the 2010 revised rules, artists were eligible for the best new artist prize unless they had previously released an album or already won a Grammy.
In 2016, the Recording Academy updated its eligibility requirements again, “to remove the album barrier given current trends in how new music and developing artists are released and promoted.”
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Lady Gaga was barred from the category in 2009. (Getty)In 2019, it expanded the number of nominations to include eight artists instead of five. In 2021, it removed the maximum amount of musical output – 30 singles or tracks or three albums.
“Best new artist is now viewed – and rightly, in my opinion – through the eyes of public opinion, not through some strictly applied set of grubby numerical criteria,” said Bennett.
The current rules also allow best new artist nominees who were formerly in a duo or groups, ”provided the duo/group had not attained prominence."
That means three past winners for best new artist – 1970's Crosby, Stills & Nash, 1988's Jody Watley and 1999's Lauryn Hill – likely wouldn’t be eligible.
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David Crosby, Stephen Stills and Graham Nash were all already known for their work in previous groups, as were Watley (in Shalamar) and Hill (the Fugees).
These days, there's a certain career momentum that best new artist nominees share, said Henry. It’s a mix of red-hot singles and virality.
“We usually see the breakout song and then we’ll see them do a Tiny Desk Concert, and then they may open up for Taylor Swift and have a viral moment. And then they’re probably going to be on Saturday Night Live or late night,” she said.
“You can really see that trajectory crystallising over the last decade.”
Laura Lee and Mark Speer of Khruangbin. (Getty Images for Coachella)Best new artist 2025 nominees
In addition to Carpenter, this year's best new artist nominees are:
Benson Boone
Doechii
Khruangbin
RAYE
Chappell Roan
Shaboozey
Teddy Swims
'We were all flabbergasted'
Carpenter isn't the only act that got a best new artist nod after years of touring and album releases. So too was Khruangbin, a Texas trio that formed in 2010.
They got their nomination following the release A La Sala, their well-received fourth studio album that reached the top 40 of the Billboard 200, but not as high as their 2022 EP with Leon Bridges, the No. 23 Texas Moon.
The band was at soundcheck before a concert in Berlin when news broke that they'd been nominated. They came offstage to congratulatory texts and a bouquet of flowers.
“We were all flabbergasted,” said bassist Laura Lee.
None of the members were aware they were up for a Grammy and drummer Donald “DJ” Johnson researched how they became best new artist candidates. He understood it by explaining Carpenter's inclusion.
“She’s been around for a minute, but ‘Espresso’ kind of made a big impact this year. I can definitely see she’s by no means a quote-unquote new artist. But to most people who didn’t know who she was, at a certain point, she’s new,” he said.
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