Retirees show increased signs of depression—and heavy drinking makes things significantly worse, a new study has found.
In the study, which ran from 1994 to 2020 and involved 27,500 people aged 50 and older, researchers from Chile and Boston examined the connections between retirement, depression and alcohol use in older adults.
'Vital' Screening
The researchers found that retirement can lead to increased depressive symptoms and stress due to the loss of a role, which may worsen mental health.
Many retirees turn to alcohol as a coping mechanism, and alcohol use influences the relationship between depression and retirement.
Moderate drinking acted as a protective factor, while binge drinking amplified depression.
"It is vital that older adults are screened for depression and that the amount of alcohol they drink is assessed," Dr. Antonia Diaz-Valdes, of Universidad Mayor in Santiago, Chile, said in a press release.
"There is no doubt that adjusting to retirement can be difficult for some but turning to alcohol is not the answer. We must find—and provide—healthier alternatives."
Diaz-Valdes also noted that other risks come with alcohol use: "Drinking alcohol increases the risk of falls and other injuries and can lead to dependency—and the poor health that typically comes with it."
Newsweek reached out to the study authors by email on Monday, Jan. 13 requesting further comment.
Role Theory and Retirement
Role theory is a way to explain how people derive meaning and purpose from their societal roles, such as employment, family responsibilities or social positions.
When people retire, they often lose a significant role that provided structure, identity and a sense of accomplishment. This sudden change can create a vacuum, leading to feelings of loss and stress.
For many, work is more than just a source of income—it offers social connections, intellectual engagement and routine. Without these, retirees may experience lower self-worth and a lack of purpose that makes depressive symptoms worse.
The Effects of Alcohol
According to the researchers, there is a nuanced relationship between alcohol use, retirement and depression.
Moderate alcohol consumption appears to serve as a protective factor, reducing depressive symptoms slightly. People often use alcohol to manage stress or emotional distress.
For retirees, moderate drinking may provide a temporary means to cope with the loss of structure and identity associated with leaving the workforce. It can also serve as a social lubricant, helping retirees connect and combat loneliness.
Binge drinking, however, worsens depressive symptoms and poses significant health risks.
Unlike moderate drinking, binge drinking disrupts mental and physical health, leading to greater stress and less emotional regulation. These negative outcomes can amplify feelings of depression and make people more isolated, creating a vicious cycle.
Dealing with Retirement Emotionally
For new retirees who are struggling with the transition, a few tips can make a big difference.
Establishing a daily schedule can help provide structure and purpose, which are often lost during retirement.
Taking up classes, workshops or online courses can stimulate the mind and provide a sense of achievement.
Regular exercise benefits both physical and mental health. Activities such as walking, swimming, yoga or tai chi can improve mood, boost energy, and reduce the risk of depression.
Social connections are essential. Maintain and build relationships with family, friends and community members. Joining clubs, volunteer groups or social organizations can provide a sense of belonging and reduce feelings of isolation.
Perhaps most important for retirees is finding a purpose. Engage in activities that offer meaning and satisfaction, such as volunteering, mentoring, or pursuing creative projects. Many retirees find fulfillment in giving back to their communities.
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