A severe outbreak of norovirus, the stomach flu, is surging across the United States as it has reached its highest levels for this time of year in over a decade, according to the latest data from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Newsweek has reached out to the CDC via email for comment.
Why It Matters
Norovirus, the leading cause of foodborne illness in the U.S., is a highly contagious virus responsible for nearly 58 percent of foodborne infections annually, according to the CDC. A tiny dose of just 10 viral particles can make a person ill, making it one of the most easily transmissible pathogens. In addition, there are about 2,500 norovirus outbreaks reported annually in the U.S.
The infection manifests suddenly, with symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, stomach pain, headaches, body aches, and fever. While most people recover within one to three days, the virus takes a significant toll, leading to an estimated 109,000 hospitalizations and 900 deaths annually in the U.S., particularly among older adults and young children.
What To Know
According to the CDC, during the week of December 5 alone, 91 outbreaks were reported—an alarming increase from the 69 recorded in late November. This rise surpasses previous seasonal records, which topped out at 65 outbreaks during the same period in recent years.
This marks the largest number of cases during this period since at least 2012. This data, sourced from only 15 states, also suggests prevalence may be even higher.
Outbreaks typically occur from November to April, peaking in winter months, and are often seen in high-density settings like cruise ships, nursing homes, jails, and schools. However, experts attribute this spike partly to more states participating in the monitoring program and increased social interactions after years of pandemic restrictions.
How Does It Spread?
Norovirus spreads through direct contact with infected individuals or through contaminated food, water, and surfaces. Shared eating utensils and close-contact settings further accelerate transmission, further highlighting the virus's capacity to quickly spark widespread outbreaks.
Who Is Most at Risk?
While anyone can contract norovirus, the most vulnerable groups include young children, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems. Dehydration, caused by persistent vomiting and diarrhea, is a primary concern.
Symptoms of severe dehydration include reduced urination, dry mouth, dizziness, and, in children, increased fussiness and tearless crying. Immediate medical attention is recommended for those experiencing these symptoms.
How to Treat Norovirus
While the number of norovirus cases across the U.S continue, the CDC emphasizes frequent and thorough handwashing as the most effective defense. Scrub your hands with soap and warm water for at least 20 seconds, especially before meals and after using the bathroom. Additionally, disinfecting surfaces with household cleaners can reduce the risk of viral spread.
What People Are Saying
Dr. William Schaffner, professor of infectious diseases at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennesse, told Fortune earlier this month that norovirus' nicknames include "winter vomiting disease" and "the cruise ship virus," as it easily spreads among those in close quarters.
Dr. Georges Benjamin, executive director of the American Public Health Association, also told Fortune earlier this month, "It doesn't take a lot to get people pretty sick. That's the main reason it's so infectious."
What Happens Next
Although there is no specific vaccine to treat norovirus, Moderna has begun trials for a potential vaccine. Health experts advise individuals to be up to date on annual flu shots and for those already experiencing symptoms of norovirus to stay hydrated.
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